Discuss the metallurgy of materials used to build a submarine Insta Explain the necessity of stronger inner hull and give examples of materials used for both inner and outer hulls with stress strain diagrams . With the diagram show and explain the specific functions and locations of various ballast tanks in a submarine . With simple illustrations discuss how does a submarine surface and submerge? What role does negative tank Trim tanks have in surfacing and submerging ? Draw simple sketches to explain the difference of intact transverse stability and intact longitudinal stability of a submarine in surfaced and submerged condition . Compare the Righting Moment values of a surface mono hull ship and B is submerg Submarine with the help of diagrams showing the position of K,B,G and M. Question on GM longitudinal and GM transverse of a submarine when submerged and similarity and differences of these with surface ships . Short notes on A) manoeuvring of submarine B) trim control during torpedo operations C) collapse depth and time available to collapse depth numerical Compare monohal With a multihull ship And discuss the stability and speed and power ratio aspects. Question on anyone or more crafts: Hydrofoils in respect of one or more aspects: A)How high speed is achieved B)Transverse and longitudinal stability C)Sea keeping and D)Propulsion arrangement

High speed craft chapter from SOLAS : Definition of High Speed Craft and High Speed code Discuss the inherent strength of design of an oil tanker as compared to a dry cargo ship. Referred to stresses and stability advantages of tanker design and consideration when assigning the free board under ILLC.

Explain why a tanker is assigned lesser freeboard than a bulk carrier both being of the same dimensions . What role would pump room double bottom requirement of cargo pumps on tankers play in improving the survivability of tankers With diagrams elucidates stability failures responsible for the loss of lives and ships in case of the Al Salaam Boccaccio 98 ROPAX vessel. Refer to (a) firefighting operations (b) passengers running to one side of the ship (c) vessel making white turn at speed

Describe briefly the SOLAS 90 standard applicable to ROPAX ships. what is meant by SOLAS 90 +50 standard what was decided in the Stockholm Agreement. What is A and Amax and how do this affect ROPAX passenger vessels compliance of damage stability?

With simple sketches state various structural alterations made to existing row pack shapes to enable them to comply with solar 90 standard or solar 90 plus 50 standard

With simple sketches state various structural alterations made to existing ROPAX ships To enable them to comply with SOLAS 90 standard or solas 90 + 50 standard. How is a design of a roroship For fire safety achieve its goal on Ro RO spaces and special category spaces? As per SOLAS give definitions of both spaces. Discuss corrosion related problems in tankers enumerate explain regulatory solutions to problems. Name 2 or 3 tanker losses and give details briefly to how structured weakness was accelerated due to corrosion of strength members. With precise reasoning it is plain why the design of a bulk carrier Includ Topside and hopper tanks Mention all aspects of safety and stability . After the tragic loss of ship and lives in the case of Arcadia drive near Mumbai Was issued prohibiting carriage of granular sulphur in bulk Which behaves like grain in chips having twindex discuss the reasons for this action . Describe the typical sinking scenario of a single skin bulk carrier referring to issues of hatch cover strength bulk head strength and survivability after flooding of more than one compartment After the loss of a large number of bulk carriers from 1980 to 1995 imo commissioned formal safety assessment of bulk carriers.IACS did the detailed formal safety assessment. What were the main design and operational failures pointed out in this study? Enumerate solutions to these problems both regulatory by Imo and industry classification initiatives to improve bulk carrier safety List and explain seven objectives of International load line conventions behind determination and assignment of free board to ships. Connect the objectives to various construction and design conditions of assignment of freeboard. Describe the 2005 amendments to international load line conventions Which of these can be related to the sinking of the DERBYSHIRE and the subsequent investigation how ? With sketches write details of 2005 amendments to international load line convention covering:youtube (a) hatch covers (b) bow height (c) additional buoyancy in fore peak . International load line convention objectives are further strengthened due to these . Calculate design wave load at forepeak for a hatch-cover in a ship of length 300 metres also calculate the load at 15% Of length from forepeak. Calculate minimum thickness of plating of hatch-cover if Stiffener spacing is 700 mm. With Diagrams elucidate how both Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy of waves affect hatches in Type B ships.hello State the assumptions and principles on which the imo’s guidance in avoid Dangerous situations in adverse weather are based. What are the limitations of this guidance MSC circular 1228 for Masters to remember?
Discuss the parameters of ships and waves on which sensitivity and vulnerability of ships to avoid dangerous situations depends. Give examples referred to msc circular 1228 when answering.
With simple diagrams explain a)stability Variation with weight crest amidships and b) surfing and broaching to effect in following seas situations what avoiding action is advised for this phenomenons. With a flow chart explain briefly the resonant And non resonant dangerous interactions of ship and waves in adverse weather scenarios . justify with examples for classifying situations as resonant and non resonant . Write a guidance note to shipmasters in your company as safety superintendent providing diagrams and methods for a observations of whether parameters wave parameters such Tw and Hw at C and using the observations in avoiding synchronous rolling and pooping. The C2 class container ship APL CHINA lost several containers and damaged several others in a storm in 1988 The ship while leaving to experienced large rolling angles. Discuss the causes and solutions to avoid such large amplitude rolling . Why it is said that advice gives As solution is contrary to usual practises and seamanship beliefs of Mariners? What conditions are necessary for synchronous rolling to occur ? With reference to period of encounter Explain how such ruling can cause way capsizing even when sea and waves are following .
With diagrams explain the meaning of virtual gravity and virtual upright as applied to conditions related to a trocodile waveform Why is virtual gravity dangerous to small crafts such as fishing vessels ?
Define a trochoid.Draw a trocohidal wave from showing datum line centre line r and R for a water particle P. From the diagrams indicate also the Stillwater Line and direction of motion of particle P at crest Through and 2 Other positions. Define a significant wave height . Give an example of calculating significant wave height from a given set of Hw observations . How often does an Hwm max occur question Ma comment on significant wave height in the not the Atlantic . which can influence design of shape construction ?
Derive an expression for natural period of role for a ship from the classical Simple harmonic motion equation .
Write the properties of Subdropidal waveforms Differentiating clearly between r and R as depth of water increases. Sketch a diagram showing the triangle of forces Which keep water particle p in equilibrium on the surface of a trachoidal waveform . which side of the Triangle indicates what is called a virtual upright? Why?
From the expression of natural period of role of ships , derive the equation Determine Rolling of period of ships Rolling. tests to calculate GM for small ships . And with reference to ship motions of waves describe a cilarity B irregularity Of wav Sea surfing the period of encounter E radius of gyration F surging and sraying G slope of a wave .
Explain degradation of a role amplitude with respect to resisted roll . what is A curve of extinction ? For a bulk carrier LBP: 217 metres B:32.6 metres CB : 0 .795 cw is 0.863 Draught is 12.2 metres and GM is 0.885 metres. Estimate the rolling. pitching. hey Some number 4 exercise 40 Then it’s page 365 for practise Gm changing .
Discuss the cause of parametric rolling in chips with fine bowl lines And full and wide sterns. Suggest at least four operational ways a mariner can use to avoid such rolling. What is the cause of heaving motion of ship ?
What is decrement of rolling amplitude of a ship ?
Write at least four causes of why rolling amplitude decreases even in still water if the disturbance is removed? Derive wallsided formula to obtain GZ at a large angle of heel. why is it called Wall sided formula ? .(Draw proper large diagram to illustrate) Numericals Solved example 2 (Page 140 derrets) Question Number 9 a) angle of loll b)Box shaped barge. What are the limiting inaccuracies of using GZ equal to GM sine theta beyond around six degrees angle of heel ? How does the wall sided and Atwood’s formula Give a more accurate measure of moment of statical stability ?
What is “Prometa Centre" ? Explain with diagrams of meta centric radius etc explain why is it necessary to calculate restoring moments at various angles of heel more than about 6 degrees ?