****

⑤ Structural Alterations to Comply with SOLAS-90 / SOLAS-90+ (50)

No.	Modification	Purpose	Diagram Description
1	Additional Watertight Bulkheads	Divide car decks into smaller compartments to limit flooding spread.	Two vertical partitions dividing the car deck into three sections.
2	Watertight Doors on Car Decks	Prevent water spread between compartments. Automatically close in case of fire/flooding.	Doors with watertight seals at the boundaries of each car deck section.
3	Increased Freeboard	Reduce risk of water ingress on car decks.	Higher vertical distance from the waterline to the car deck.
4	Fire-Resistant Divisions (A-60)	Contain fires in car decks and accommodation.	Bulkheads with A-60 fire resistance rating separating car decks from other spaces.

1. Additional Watertight Bulkheads

+---------+---------+
|   Car   |   Car   |
|  Deck 1 |  Deck 2 |
+---------+---------+

2. Watertight Doors on Car Decks

+------+------+
|      |      |
| Door | Door | (Watertight)
+------+------+

3. Increased Freeboard

+-----------------+
|   Higher        | (Freeboard increased)
|   Freeboard     |
+-----------------+

4. Fire-Resistant Divisions (A-60)

+-----------------+
|   A-60 Bulkhead | (Fire-resistant)
+-----------------+

No.	Modification	Purpose	Diagram Description
1	Double Hull or Side Shells	Improve damage survivability (e.g., side shells on car decks).	Outer hull and inner shell creating a double-layered structure around car decks.
2	Automatic Sprinklers in Car Decks	Extinguish fires early to prevent spread.	Sprinkler heads installed across the ceiling of car decks.
3	Improved Ventilation Control	Fire dampers to prevent smoke/fire spread through ducts.	Dampers in ventilation ducts that close automatically during a fire.
4	Additional Lifeboats	Ensure evacuation from both sides of the ship.	Lifeboats positioned on both port and starboard sides.
5	Enhanced Drainage Systems	Remove water quickly from car decks (scuppers + pumps).	Scuppers and pumps integrated into the car deck floor for rapid water removal.

1. Double Hull or Side Shells

+---------------------+
| Outer Hull | Car Deck | (Double side shell)
+---------------------+

2. Automatic Sprinklers in Car Decks

+---------------------+
|   Sprinklers       | (Automatic)
|   (Car Deck)       |
+---------------------+

3. Improved Ventilation Control

+---------------------+
|   Fire Damper      | (Closes automatically)
+---------------------+

4. Additional Lifeboats

+---------------------+
| Lifeboat | Lifeboat | (On both sides)
+---------------------+

5. Enhanced Drainage Systems

+---------------------+
|   Scuppers        | (Drainage)
|   + Pumps          |
+---------------------+

Focuses on basic subdivision and fire resistance to limit damage spread.
Ensures watertight integrity and fire containment in existing ROPAX ships.